The World Meteorological Organization, in a report issued in January, noted that 2025 was recorded as one of the hottest years since meteorological observation began.

Last year high temperature records were broken continuously in different parts of the world, including the mean earth surface temperature rising 1.44℃ higher than that before the industrial revolution and January being recorded as the hottest one in history.

Extreme high temperature was constantly observed in many countries and regions throughout the year, including a “thermal roof” forming in the sky above Greece and other Balkan States in summer, causing a 10℃ rise in temperature over the average.

Glaciers, which account for 68.7% of fresh water on the earth, have rapidly melted due to global warming, and thus Tuvalu, a Pacific island country, is in danger of being submerged within some decades.

Global warming is caused by the ever-increasing carbon dioxide emissions.

According to the World Meteorological Organization, the carbon dioxide concentration of the air accelerating global warming reached a record high of 423.9ppm in 2024, 3.5ppm higher than that in 2023.

The UN Environment Programme predicted that the global mean temperature will rise 2.3-2.5℃ higher than in the pre-industrial revolution period even if the countries that signed the Paris Agreement on climate change achieve the goal of reducing the carbon dioxide emissions by 2035 and that unless urgent measures are taken, the global temperature will rise by 2.8℃ in this century.

Experts are of the opinion that most of the heat created by global warming is absorbed by the sea and if the sea gets hot, it swells, causing the rise in sea level and the intensity of precipitation and the tropical cyclone.

In January this year, it kept raining a lot for weeks, causing floods to kill more than 200 people and entail large-scale evacuations and rescue operations in different countries in southern Africa.

The disaster management institution of South Africa announced a nationwide disaster situation with regard to the fact that flooding occurred in the northern areas of the country. In Mozambique and Zimbabwe, lots of farmland became useless and schools, public health facilities, roads, bridges and irrigation infrastructures were destroyed.

Chaos broke out due to heavy snowfalls and winter storms in Europe from the outset of the year.

In contrast to this, the temperature increased to 42℃ due to an extreme heat wave in Melbourne, Australia, a record high since January 2020, and a temperature of 46.3℃ was observed in a city of South Australia.

Experts and international organizations say that the threat to human existence from global warming is no longer an abstract notion and warn that unless the threat is restrained, it might lead to an unpredictable disaster.